Gashi Automotive Lithium-ion batteries have always been at the forefront of energy storage technology.
However, the supply of lithium is limited.
As a result, the growing demand for energy storage systems is prompting the search for lower-cost, more accessible rechargeable battery materials.
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are very promising because the sodium (Na) resources in seawater and salt sediments are almost infinite.
, A lot of research has been carried out to improve the materials of the cathode (cathode), anode (anode) and electrolyte to improve the long-cycle stability of SIB and achieve a thin solid electrolyte interface (SEI).
SEI is a passivation layer formed on the anode surface during the initial charge/discharge cycle to prevent the anode from degrading due to reaction with the electrolyte.
, Forming a good SEI is crucial to battery performance.
In this context, hard carbon (HC) has become a promising anode material.
However, its commercialization has been difficult due to increased electrolyte consumption, which forms an uneven, thick and weak SEI, thereby reducing charge/discharge stability and reaction speed.
, In order to solve these problems, adhesives such as carboxymethyl cellulose salts, polyacrylic acid derivatives and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) have been used.
However, these binders cause the slow diffusion of Na ions in the anode, resulting in poor rate capabilities of HC-based SIBs.
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