In the process of moving forward to the high-order auxiliary driving stage in the automobile industry, the on-line upgrade of the chassis system will play a vital role.
The on-line chassis uses sensors to sense external environmental information and uses electrical signal transmission instead of mechanical connection, which has the advantages of high control precision, fast response speed, compact structure, light weight and so on.
it meets the requirements of high-level intelligent driving for vehicle handling and active safety.
As a result, the wire-controlled braking and steering system is expected to quickly become the mainstream scheme after the technology is mature, giving high growth to the incremental parts of the track.
Gaishi Automotive Industry Research Institute studies and analyzes the on-line control and on-line steering industry from four dimensions: industry general situation, industry chain and market analysis, future trend prospect and representative enterprise scheme.
the main contents of this report are as follows:-the general situation of the industry, the automobile braking system is divided into driving braking and parking braking.
The development of driving braking system has gone through several stages of mechanical braking, hydraulic braking and on-line braking.
The general trend is to gradually turn to lightweight, intelligent and fast response on-line control system.
ABS anti-lock braking system and ESC electronic stabilization system are important auxiliary systems to cooperate with driving braking system, and their integration with driving braking system can help to reduce the volume and weight of braking system, and finally improve the overall performance.
ESC is the dynamic control center of the whole vehicle and the basis of on-line braking products.
Brake manufacturers need to have the ability to develop ESC.
For example, Qiangu Technology, a typical domestic enterprise of on-line braking, has developed a line-controlled braking system based on the mature experience of ESC mass production, and its EHB One-Box products have been put into mass production.
Based on the advantages of ESC core algorithm and controller design, Qiangu Technology has started pre-research on EMB-related programs, and is expected to start loading testing in 2024 and achieve small batch production in 2026.
According to the different forms of realization, the on-line braking system can be divided into two categories: electronic hydraulic brake EHB and electro-mechanical braking EMB, in which EHB is based on hydraulic braking (still retaining hydraulic parts to generate braking force) and realizes the electronic control of power source (motor instead of vacuum booster).
According to the level of integration, EHB is further divided into Two-Box and One-Box schemes.
In Two-Box scheme, ESC and electronic booster are independent and redundant, while in One-Box scheme, ESC and electronic booster are integrated.
In the medium term, with the advantages of light weight, low cost and high energy recovery efficiency, EHB in the form of One-Box will be the mainstream scheme of on-line braking.
EMB is further simplified on the basis of electronic hydraulic braking (EHB).
It cancels the brake master cylinder and hydraulic pipeline in the traditional braking system, integrates the motor directly on the top of the brake, and directly drives the brake clamp to realize the braking function.
EMB is a real full-line control.
With higher braking power, faster response speed and more accurate braking control, EMB is expected to become one of the ultimate forms of on-line braking, but it is facing technical and mass production problems, and it will take some time for mass production.
Before the EMB is fully put into use, the wet-and-dry hybrid on-line braking system is expected to appear as a transition product.
At present, mainstream manufacturers such as mainland China, Zaifu, Bethel, Lee Krypton Technology and so on are all wet and dry hybrid braking schemes before and after layout.
In terms of market analysis and market pattern, China’s on-line braking market is highly concentrated at present.
From January to June 2024, TOP3 manufacturers (Bosch, Bethel, Fudi Technology) occupy 82% of the market share.
Foreign manufacturers represented by Bosch still occupy a dominant position, while other domestic manufacturers, such as Nathan Electronics and Qiangu Technology, are rapidly increasing their quantity and entering the top 10 of the market.
With the accelerated penetration of intelligence, the market share of domestic manufacturers will be further improved in the future.
A number of mainframe factories are also opening the line control “self-research + co-research” mode through internal system incubation, self-building subsidiaries, investment cooperation and other modes to strengthen the control of key systems.
In terms of downstream applications, from January to June 2024, the penetration rate of on-line braking of passenger cars in China was 45.
8%, of which the One-Box scheme accounted for 65.
1%, which is the current mainstream.
Tesla, ideal, Mengjie and other brands have realized the standard configuration of on-line braking.
Under the drive of electrification and intelligence, on-line braking will usher in explosive growth.
Gaishi Automotive Research Institute predicts that the penetration rate of on-line braking of passenger cars in China will increase to 65% and 95% in 2025 and 2030, the market size will reach 24.
7 billion yuan and 34.
7 billion yuan respectively, and the compound growth rate CAGR will reach 25% from 2021 to 2030.
According to the general situation of the industry, the development of automobile steering system has experienced several stages: mechanical steering, hydraulic steering, electric steering and on-line steering.
At present, electric power steering (EPS) is widely used in passenger cars, with a penetration rate of nearly 99%.
Steering by wire (SBW) occupies less space and improves safety, which is the development direction of automobile steering system in the future.
Compared with the EPS, the most prominent feature of the by-wire steering system is the complete elimination of the mechanical connection between the steering wheel and the rack, the degree of intelligence has been greatly improved, and the software algorithm is the core technology of on-line steering.
According to the different arrangement of steering motor, the wire-controlled steering system can be divided into five types: single-motor front-wheel steering, dual-motor front-wheel steering, dual-motor independent front-wheel steering, rear-wheel independent steering and four-wheel independent steering.
Among them, the fractional steering system of front-wheel independent steering and four-wheel independent steering is more flexible, and four-wheel independent steering is the future development direction of wire-controlled steering system.
Due to the constraints of reliability and cost, the on-line steering technology is less in mass production at present, and some luxury models begin to be equipped with rear-wheel on-line steering system.
In the short term, “EPS+ redundancy” will be used as a substitute for on-line steering to meet the needs of L3 and below autopilot.
With the increase of L3 + autopilot penetration, on-line steering is expected to achieve mass application in high-end flagship models.
According to market analysis, the on-line steering industry is currently in its infancy.
The layout of traditional electric power steering giants such as Bosch, Jettaigt and Zaifu is relatively early, and they have launched concept or mass production models with leading technology.
China is in the stage of research and development and prototype, Nestor online control to lead the industry, has obtained mass production orders.
In terms of main engine factories, Toyota, Tesla, Weilai, Great Wall, Geely and other car companies have laid out by-line steering technology.
At present, only a few car companies, such as Toyota and Tesla, have realized large-scale production of by-line steering.
According to the technical roadmap of the intelligent chassis steering by wire system, the domestic permeability of the steering by wire system is expected to enter the import phase of about 5% in 2025 and 10% in 2030.
The market size of on-line steering will reach 4.
35 billion yuan in 2025 and 7 yuan in 2030.
620 million yuan, with CAGR reaching 12% from 2025 to 2030.
, Looking forward to future trends, with the development of autonomous driving, wire-by-wire chassis technology will develop towards regional control and integration.
For L3/L4 autonomous driving, the trend of wire-by-wire chassis integration solutions is “central drive drive +EHB+EPS+ air spring +CDC/MRC damper”.
for L5 autonomous driving, the trend of wire-by-wire chassis integration solutions is “hub motor distributed drive + air spring +CDC/MRC damper”.
, Autonomous passenger cars have a high acceptance of domestic ADAS solutions.
Based on the technical accumulation of the core execution layer, brake suppliers are expected to follow the path of brake-by-wire → vehicle-by-wire chassis (comprehensive steering and air suspension capabilities) → autonomous driving solutions (integrated perception + decision-making + execution), and the market space will be further expanded.
The lack of core crisis has provided domestic companies with a window period to accelerate replacement.
Independent vehicle brands have gradually formed a supply chain system dominated by local suppliers, and the pace of localized replacement of the wire-controlled chassis supply chain will accelerate.
To obtain the complete report, please click on the Brake-by-Wire and Steer-by-Wire Industry Report (2024 version) and return to the First Electric Network Home>.
